SOURCE-COLLATED ARCHIVAL TRANSCRIPTION OF APPENDIX C
Not a verified runnable program. No execution or semantic code repair is asserted. See original PDF pages175–192 and separate unresolved source errors register.

SOURCE PDF PAGE 175
Appendix C: PHP scripts
Functions.inc
<?
define("RANK_NUM", 10); // number of cases to be ranked
define("ENROL_COURSE_NUM", 3); // number of courses to be enrolled in
$tables = array('1' => 15, '2' => 20, '3' => 47);
// build case from given values
function build_case($dsp=0, $optic=0, $mwave=0, $ntwrk=0, $satel=0, $prfm=0, $chrt=0) {
return array(
'DSP' => $dsp,
'OPTIC' => $optic,
'MWAVE' => $mwave,
'NTWRK' => $ntwrk,
'SATEL' => $satel,
'PRFM' => $prfm,
'CHRT' => $chrt
);
}
// calculate the size of given case
function case_size($case) {
$sum = 0;
foreach ($case as $value) {
$sum += pow($value, 2);
}

SOURCE PDF PAGE 176
return sqrt($sum);
}
// multiply the corresponding pair and sum up the values
function sumproduct($v1, $v2) {
$sum = 0;
foreach ($v1 as $key => $value) {
$sum += $value * $v2[$key];
}
return $sum;
}
// exhaustive search through the case base
function found_new_solution(&$match,$pos,$id,$percent,
$DSP, $OPTIC, $MWAVE, $NTWRK, $SATEL, $PRFM, $CHRT,
$D1,$O2,$OM3,$M4,$NM5,$N6,$NS7,$S8) {
for ($j=RANK_NUM; $j>$pos; $j--) {
$match[$j] = $match[$j-1];
}
$match[$pos] = array('id' => $id, 'percent' => $percent,
'DSP' => $DSP, 'OPTIC' => $OPTIC,
'MWAVE' => $MWAVE, 'NTWRK' => $NTWRK,
'SATEL' => $SATEL, 'PRFM' => $PRFM,
'CHRT' => $CHRT, 'D1' => $D1,
'O2' => $O2, 'OM3' => $OM3, 'M4' => $M4,
'NM5' => $NM5, 'N6' => $N6, 'NS7' => $NS7,
'S8' => $S8);
}
// display standard table header showing attributes
function attr_tab_header() {

SOURCE PDF PAGE 177
print "<th>DSP</th>";
print "<th>OPTIC</th>";
print "<th>MWAVE</th>";
print "<th>NTWRK</th>";
print "<th>SATEL</th>";
print "<th>PRFM</th>";
print "<th>CHRT</th>";
}
// display standard table header showing solutions
function solu_tab_header() {
print "<th>D1</th>";
print "<th>O2</th>";
print "<th>OM3</th>";
print "<th>M4</th>";
print "<th>NM5</th>";
print "<th>N6</th>";
print "<th>NS7</th>";
print "<th>S8</th>";
}
// display INT vector
function show_interest($i) {
print "<td>" . $i['DSP'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $i['OPTIC'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $i['MWAVE'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $i['NTWRK'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $i['SATEL'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $i['PRFM'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $i['CHRT'] . "</td>";
}

SOURCE PDF PAGE 178
// display solutions in table
function show_solution($s, $mode = "") {
if (strlen($mode) > 0) {
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $s['D1']);
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $s['O2']);
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $s['OM3']);
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $s['M4']);
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $s['NM5']);
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $s['N6']);
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $s['NS7']);
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $s['S8']);
} else {
print "<td>" . $s['D1'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $s['O2'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $s['OM3']. "</td>";
print "<td>" . $s['M4'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $s['NM5'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $s['N6']. "</td>";
print "<td>" . $s['NS7'] . "</td>";
print "<td>" . $s['S8']. "</td>";
}
}
// initialize solution vectors
function init_solu() {
return array('D1' => 0, 'O2' => 0, 'OM3' => 0, 'M4' => 0, 'NM5' => 0, 'N6' => 0, 'NS7' =>
0, 'S8' => 0);
}
// initialize advice vector

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function init_advice() {
return array( 'COUNT' => init_solu(), 'RANK_PCENT' => init_solu(), 'WEIGHT_SUM'
=> init_solu());
}
// show ranked cases in table
function process_ranked_cases($match) {
print "<table border=\"1\"><tr>";
attr_tab_header();
print "<td>case</td>";
print "<td>percent</td>";
solu_tab_header();
print "</tr>";
$advice = init_advice();
for ($i=1; $i<=RANK_NUM; $i++) {
print "<tr>";
show_interest($match[$i]);
print "<td>" . $match[$i]['id'] . "</td>";
printf("<td>%2.3f</td>", $match[$i]['percent']*100);
show_solution($match[$i]);
print "</tr>";
foreach ($advice['RANK_PCENT'] as $course => $rank_percentage) {
// if this course is recommended, ie solution vector shows 1
if ($match[$i][$course] > 0) {
$advice['COUNT'][$course]++;
$advice['WEIGHT_SUM'][$course] += (2/75 + (RANK_NUM-
$i+1)/75) * 100;
if ($match[$i]['percent'] > $rank_percentage) {

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$advice['RANK_PCENT'][$course] = $match[$i]['percent']
* 100;
}
}
}
}
print "</table><p>";
return $advice;
}
// show advice in table format
function show_advice_table($advice, $prerequisites, $difficulties) {
print "<table border=\"1\">";
print "<tr>";
print "<td>Description</td>";
solu_tab_header();
print "</tr>";
print "<tr>";
print "<td>Prequisite</td>";
show_solution($prerequisites);
print "</tr>";
print "<tr>";
print "<td>Difficulty</td>";
show_solution($difficulties);
print "</tr>";
print "<tr>";
print "<td>Count</td>";
show_solution($advice['COUNT']);
print "</tr>";
print "<tr>";

SOURCE PDF PAGE 181
print "<td>Ranked Percentage</td>";
show_solution($advice['RANK_PCENT'], "f");
print "</tr>";
print "<tr>";
print "<td>Weighted Sum according to Counts</td>";
show_solution($advice['WEIGHT_SUM'], "f");
print "</tr>";
print "</table><p>";
}
// give out advice in plain English
function give_advice($advice, $prerequisites, $difficulties, $performance) {
$ordinal = 0;
foreach ($advice['RANK_PCENT'] as $course => $rank_percentage) {
$relevance = $advice['WEIGHT_SUM'][$course];
if ($prerequisites[$course] == 0) {
$colour = "red";
$reason = "<br>This course is not available because its pre-requisites have
not been fulfilled.";
} elseif ($difficulties[$course] > $performance) {
$colour = "orange";
$reason = "<br>This course is not recommended because its perceived
difficulty is greater than the student's demonstrated academic performance.";
} elseif ($ordinal < ENROL_COURSE_NUM) {
$colour = "green";
$ordinal++;
$reason = "<br>This is recommended as the choice # $ordinal.";
} else {
$colour = "blue";
$reason = "";

SOURCE PDF PAGE 182
}
if ($rank_percentage > 0) {
printf("<p><font color=\"$colour\">The course $course has a rating of
%2.3f%% (matched with cases in the past) and a subrating of %2.3f%% (based on frequency of
occurrances in ranked cases). %s</font>",
$rank_percentage, $relevance, $reason);
}
}
}
?>
Index.php
<html>
<head><title>CBR</title></head>
<body>
<h3>Number of Different INT permutations out of 60 (5P3)
</h3>
<?
include("prepend.inc");
foreach ($tables as $key => $value) {
print "<a href=\"knowledge.php?table=$key\" target=\"_blank\">knowledge
$value</a><br>";
}
print "<h1>Problem</h1>\n";
print "<form method=\"GET\" action=\"match.php\">";
print "<table border=\"1\">\n";
print "<tr><td>id</td>\n";
attr_tab_header();

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print "<td>knowledge15</td><td>knowledge20</td><td>knowledge47</td>\n";
print "</tr>\n";
print "<tr><td><input type=\"Submit\" value=\"Submit\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"text\" name=\"DSP\" size=\"1\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"text\" name=\"OPTIC\" size=\"1\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"text\" name=\"MWAVE\" size=\"1\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"text\" name=\"NTWRK\" size=\"1\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"text\" name=\"SATEL\" size=\"1\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"text\" name=\"PRFM\" size=\"1\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"text\" name=\"CHRT\" size=\"1\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"radio\" name=\"table\" value=\"1\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"radio\" name=\"table\" value=\"2\"></td>";
print "<td><input type=\"radio\" name=\"table\" value=\"3\"></td>";
print "</tr>";
// display a list of predefined test cases in table
$lines = file ('http://www.tanat.net/cbr/problems.txt');
foreach ($lines as $line_num => $line) {
$problem = build_case();
list($problem['DSP'],
$problem['OPTIC'],$problem['MWAVE'],$problem['NTWRK'],$problem['SATEL'],$problem['P
RFM'],$problem['CHRT'])=explode("\t",$line);
print "<tr>\n";
$query_str =
"DSP=".$problem['DSP']."&OPTIC=".$problem['OPTIC']."&MWAVE=".$problem['MWAVE'].
"&NTWRK=".$problem['NTWRK']."&SATEL=".$problem['SATEL']."&PRFM=".$problem['P
RFM']."&CHRT=".$problem['CHRT'];
$problem_id = strval($line_num+1);

SOURCE PDF PAGE 184
?>
<td><?=$problem_id?></td>
<?
show_interest($problem);
foreach ($tables as $key => $value) {
print "<td><a href=\"match.php?table=$key&$query_str\"
target=\"_blank\">$problem_id - $value</a></td>";
}
print "</tr>\n";
}
print "</table>\n";
print "</form>\n";
include("append.inc");
?>
</body>
</html>

SOURCE PDF PAGE 185
Knowledge.php
<?
include("prepend.inc");
$knowledge_size = $tables[$_GET['table']];
print "<h2>Knowledge $knowledge_size</h2>";
$query = "SELECT * FROM knowledge$knowledge_size";
$result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Query failed");
print "<table border=\"1\">\n";
print "<tr><td>id</td>\n";
attr_tab_header();
solu_tab_header();
print "<td>case size</td></tr>\n";
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {
print "<tr>\n";
print "<td>" . $row['id'] . "</td>\n";
show_interest($row);
show_solution($row);
$case = build_case($row['DSP'], $row['OPTIC'], $row['MWAVE'], $row['NTWRK'],
$row['SATEL'], $row['PRFM'], $row['CHRT']);
printf ("<td>%2.3f</td>\n",case_size($case));
print "</tr>\n";
}
print "</table><p>\n";
include("append.inc");
?>

SOURCE PDF PAGE 186
Match.php
<?
include("prepend.inc");
$knowledge_size = $tables[$_GET['table']];
print "<h2>Problem (using Knowledge $knowledge_size)";
print "</h2>";
print "<table border=\"1\">";
attr_tab_header();
print "<td>problem size</td>";
print "</tr>";
// create a problem vector
$problem =
build_case($_GET['DSP'],$_GET['OPTIC'],$_GET['MWAVE'],$_GET['NTWRK'],$_GET['SA
TEL'],$_GET['PRFM'],$_GET['CHRT']);
print "<tr>";
show_interest($problem);
printf ("<td>%2.3f</td>",case_size($problem));
print "</tr>";
print "</table><p>";
/***************************************Correlaton & Diff of Means
*****************************************/
for ($i=1; $i<=RANK_NUM; $i++) {
$match[$i] =
array('id'=>"0",'percent'=>0,'DSP'=>"0",'OPTIC'=>"0",'MWAVE'=>"0",'NTWRK'=>"0",'SATE
L'=>"0",'PRFM'=>"0",'CHRT'=>"0",'D1'=>"0",'O2'=>"0",'OM3'=>"0",'M4'=>"0",'NM5'=>"0",'
N6'=>"0",'NS7'=>"0",'S8'=>"0");

SOURCE PDF PAGE 187
}
$query = "SELECT * FROM knowledge$knowledge_size";
$result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Query failed");
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {
$case = build_case($row['DSP'], $row['OPTIC'], $row['MWAVE'],
$row['NTWRK'], $row['SATEL'], $row['PRFM'], $row['CHRT']);
$case_int = array_slice($case, 0, 5);
$case_char = array_slice($case, 5);
$problem_int = array_slice($problem, 0, 5);
$problem_char = array_slice($problem, 5);
$mean = $problem_char;
foreach ($case_char as $key => $value) {
$mean[$key] = ($value + $problem_char[$key]) / 2;
}
$diff = $problem_char;
foreach ($problem_char as $key => $value) {
$diff[$key] = $value - $mean[$key];
}
// calculate matching percentage, using vector product divided by the product of
both case sizes. Assign a weight of 5 out of 7
$match_percent = sumproduct($problem_int, $case_int) /
case_size($problem_int) / case_size($case_int) * 5/7;
$match_percent += (1- pow(case_size($diff) / case_size($problem_char), 2)) *
2/7;
for ($j=1; $j<=RANK_NUM; $j++) {
if ($match_percent > $match[$j]['percent']) {

SOURCE PDF PAGE 188
found_new_solution($match, $j, $row['id'], $match_percent,
$row['DSP'], $row['OPTIC'], $row['MWAVE'],
$row['NTWRK'], $row['SATEL'],
$row['PRFM'], $row['CHRT'], $row['D1'], $row['O2'],
$row['OM3'], $row['M4'], $row['NM5'],
$row['N6'], $row['NS7'], $row['S8']);
break;
}
}
}
$difficulty = array('D1' => 1, 'O2' => 2, 'OM3' => 1, 'M4' => 3, 'NM5' => 2, 'N6' => 3,
'NS7' => 1,'S8'=>2);
$prereq = array('D1' => 1, 'O2' => 1, 'OM3' => 0, 'M4' => 1, 'NM5' => 0, 'N6' => 1, 'NS7'
=> 0, 'S8' => 1);
print "<h2>Correlation of Interests (INT) and Difference of Means</h2><br>";
$advice1 = process_ranked_cases($match);
/***************************************distance of 2 vectors
*****************************************/
for ($i=1; $i<=RANK_NUM; $i++) {
$match[$i] =
array('id'=>"0",'percent'=>0,'DSP'=>"0",'OPTIC'=>"0",'MWAVE'=>"0",'NTWRK'=>"0",'SATE
L'=>"0",'PRFM'=>"0",'CHRT'=>"0",'D1'=>"0",'O2'=>"0",'OM3'=>"0",'M4'=>"0",'NM5'=>"0",'
N6'=>"0",'NS7'=>"0",'S8'=>"0");
}
$query = "SELECT * FROM knowledge$knowledge_size";
$result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Query failed");
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {

SOURCE PDF PAGE 189
$case = build_case($row['DSP'], $row['OPTIC'], $row['MWAVE'],
$row['NTWRK'], $row['SATEL'], $row['PRFM'], $row['CHRT']);
$diff = build_case();
foreach ($case as $key => $value) {
$diff[$key] = $value - $problem[$key];
}
// calculate matching percentage, the further the distance from the knowledge
vector, the lower the matching percentage would be.
$match_percent = 1- pow(case_size($diff) / case_size($problem), 2);
for ($j=1; $j<=RANK_NUM; $j++) {
if ($match_percent > $match[$j]['percent']) {
found_new_solution($match, $j, $row['id'], $match_percent,
$row['DSP'], $row['OPTIC'], $row['MWAVE'],
$row['NTWRK'], $row['SATEL'],
$row['PRFM'], $row['CHRT'], $row['D1'], $row['O2'],
$row['OM3'], $row['M4'], $row['NM5'],
$row['N6'], $row['NS7'], $row['S8']);
break;
}
}
}
print "<h2>Distance of 2 vectors</h2><br>";
$advice2 = process_ranked_cases($match);
/***************************************trivial IR
*****************************************/
for ($i=1; $i<=RANK_NUM; $i++) {

SOURCE PDF PAGE 190
$match[$i] =
array('id'=>"0",'percent'=>0,'DSP'=>"0",'OPTIC'=>"0",'MWAVE'=>"0",'NTWRK'=>"0",'SATE
L'=>"0",'PRFM'=>"0",'CHRT'=>"0",'D1'=>"0",'O2'=>"0",'OM3'=>"0",'M4'=>"0",'NM5'=>"0",'
N6'=>"0",'NS7'=>"0",'S8'=>"0");
}
$query = "SELECT * FROM knowledge$knowledge_size";
$result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Query failed");
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {
$case = build_case($row['DSP'], $row['OPTIC'], $row['MWAVE'],
$row['NTWRK'], $row['SATEL'], $row['PRFM'], $row['CHRT']);
// matching percentage is calculated purely using trivial IR algorithm
$match_percent = sumproduct($problem,$case) / case_size($problem) /
case_size($case);
for ($j=1; $j<=RANK_NUM; $j++) {
if ($match_percent > $match[$j]['percent']) {
found_new_solution($match, $j, $row['id'], $match_percent,
$row['DSP'], $row['OPTIC'], $row['MWAVE'],
$row['NTWRK'], $row['SATEL'],
$row['PRFM'], $row['CHRT'], $row['D1'], $row['O2'],
$row['OM3'], $row['M4'], $row['NM5'],
$row['N6'], $row['NS7'], $row['S8']);
break;
}
}
}
print "<h2>Trivial IR algorithm</h2><br>";
$advice3 = process_ranked_cases($match);
/*******************************************************/
print "<h1>Problem</h1>";

SOURCE PDF PAGE 191
print "<table border=\"1\">";
attr_tab_header();
print "</tr>";
print "<tr>";
show_interest($problem);
print "</tr>";
print "</table><p>";
print "<h1>Advice Table</h1>";
print "<h3>Correlation of Interests (INT) and Difference of Means</h3><br>";
show_advice_table($advice1, $prereq, $difficulty);
print "<h3>Distance of 2 vectors</h3><br>";
show_advice_table($advice2, $prereq, $difficulty);
print "<h3>Trivial IR algorithm</h3><br>";
show_advice_table($advice3, $prereq, $difficulty);
array_multisort( $advice1['RANK_PCENT'], SORT_NUMERIC,
SORT_DESC,$advice3['WEIGHT_SUM'],SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC);
array_multisort( $advice2['RANK_PCENT'], SORT_NUMERIC,
SORT_DESC,$advice3['WEIGHT_SUM'],SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC);
array_multisort( $advice3['RANK_PCENT'], SORT_NUMERIC,
SORT_DESC,$advice3['WEIGHT_SUM'],SORT_NUMERIC, SORT_DESC);
/*******************************************************/
print "<h1>Problem</h1>";
print "<table border=\"1\"><tr>";
attr_tab_header();
print "</tr>";
print "<tr>";
show_interest($problem);

SOURCE PDF PAGE 192
print "</tr>";
print "</table><p>";
print "<h1>Advice with Reasons</h1>";
print "<p><font color=\"red\">RED</font> denotes courses that are blocked due to its
unfulfilled pre-requisites<br>";
print "<font color=\"orange\">ORANGE</font> denotes courses that are not recommended due
to its perceived difficulty being greater than the student's demonstrated academic
performance<br>";
print "<font color=\"green\">GREEN</font> denotes the recommended course with a ranked
order<br>";
print "<font color=\"blue\">BLUE</font> denotes other possible courses student may consider
taking</p>";
print "<h3>Correlation of Interests (INT) and Difference of Means</h3><br>";
give_advice($advice1, $prereq, $difficulty, $problem['PRFM']);
print "<h3>Distance of 2 vectors</h3><br>";
give_advice($advice2, $prereq, $difficulty, $problem['PRFM']);
print "<h3>Trivial IR algorithm</h3><br>";
give_advice($advice3, $prereq, $difficulty, $problem['PRFM']);
include("append.inc");
?>